Mono (C 10)-, sesqui (C 15)-, di (C 20)-, sester (C 25)-, and tri (C 30)-terpenes result from the chain elongation of five-carbon isoprene starters, namely dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) and isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP). Although structurally highly diverse, with more than 95,000 terpenoid compounds known, this group of natural products is based upon the same building blocks. While polyketides have been studied intensively in the past, terpenoids and their biosynthesis have received less attention. They produce a wide range of complex natural compounds of industrial interest among them are polyketides and terpenoids. A representative single and a multi-product STS, respectively, were further analyzed for their dependency from divalent metal cations as a cofactor for the catalytic activity.įungi and, in particular, the division of Basidiomycota, are known to exhibit amazing metabolic diversity. Bioinformatic characterization and phylogenetic determination allowed for the classification of these diverse fungal enzymes. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis was applied to characterize these cyclases according to the formation of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxidized terpenoids. Ten cyclases were successfully produced and purified, and their identity was confirmed using amino acid sequencing of tryptic peptides by nano-liquid chromatography-high resolution-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Cyclase genes identified were cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli Bl21 using pCOLD I as the expression vector. The basidiomycete Cerrena unicolor, a known sesquiterpene producer, was in silico screened for sesquiterpene cyclases via homology Basic Local Alignment Search Tool searches. Sesquiterpene synthases (STS) appear to be an abundant class of enzymes in these fungi. Hundreds of terpenoids have been isolated from Basidiomycota, among them are volatile mono- and sesquiterpenes with amazing sensory qualities, representing a promising alternative to essential oils from endangered plant species.
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